Costa Rica, the enchanting Central American country, lies between Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south, with the Caribbean Sea to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Its diverse geography encompasses dazzling beaches, towering volcanoes and rich rainforests, providing a spectacular backdrop for endless adventures.
Between nature and technology parks
Our journey through Costa Rica’s history takes us back to pre-Columbian times, when diverse indigenous cultures flourished in this fertile land. With the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1502, an era of Spanish colonisation began that lasted until 1821, when Costa Rica joined the Central American provinces in proclaiming independence from Spain.
In the 20th century, Costa Rica stood out in the region for its political stability and commitment to education and health. Abolishing its army in 1949, the country redirected its resources towards social and economic development, laying the foundations for a prosperous and democratic society.
Moving into the 21st century, Costa Rica has emerged as a technology hub in the region. With a growing economy and an educated population, the country has attracted many multinational companies in the technology sector, establishing operations centers on its land. The Costa Rican government has shown a strong commitment to fostering innovation and entrepreneurship, adopting policies that encourage foreign investment and technological development.
The creation of the Costa Rica Technology Park and the presence of technology free zones have provided a favorable ecosystem for innovation. Costa Rica’s vision of being a carbon-neutral country has also aligned its technological growth with sustainability, exploring opportunities in clean energy and green technologies.
Costa Rica’s rise as a technology hub reflects a fascinating evolution of a country that, without losing its natural charm and rich cultural heritage, embraces the future with a technological and sustainable perspective. With each step into the future, Costa Rica not only retains its essence of pure life, but also establishes itself as a key player in the Latin American technology landscape.
Nestled between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, this small Central American paradise has become a reference point for underwater adventures, attracting diving enthusiasts from all over the world. It is also one of the quintessential destinations for self-drive 4×4 tours through its natural parks and volcanic geography, with a strong commitment to sustainable tourism. A truly irresistible combination.
By land…
On our fascinating journey through Costa Rica, we discover that every corner of this fascinating country is a call to a unique adventure. Our first destination is the Nicoya Peninsula, a place that embodies Costa Rica’s philosophy of pure and simple living. This natural sanctuary sprawls with a mix of pristine beaches, rolling hills and small communities that move to the tranquil rhythm of nature.
We start by exploring the perfect waves for surfing in Santa Teresa, where each one invites us to challenge the ocean. The energy of the surfing community is infectious, and before we know it we find ourselves immersed in days of sun, surf and sand. In contrast, the serene waters of Montezuma Beach provide a space for reflection and rest. We immerse ourselves in the wellness culture that flourishes on the peninsula, exploring sunrise yoga classes, rejuvenating holistic therapies and the rich local organic cuisine that nourishes our body and soul.
Our journey continues north, where the imposing Arenal Volcano rises majestically over the region of La Fortuna. We venture along trails that wind through ancient lava fields, testaments to the silent power of the earth. The energy of Arenal is palpable and every glimpse of the crater connects us with the primal force of nature. It is interesting to stop at the hot springs that border the volcano, an oasis of relaxation where the therapeutic heat allows us to take a breather before continuing our adventure.
As we ascend into the Monteverde Cloud Forest, we encounter a high-altitude kingdom where mist caresses the treetops. Walking over suspension bridges, we enter a world where mist embraces green giants and biodiversity amazes us at every turn. The wealth of life hidden in the mist is fascinating, from orchids blooming in the canopy to the elusive glow of the quetzal. A good choice for visiting this place is to join bird watching tours that reveal the winged richness of the forest, and every sound and color becomes a celebration of life. It is interesting to go on such guided tours to discover all that, for someone inexperienced in biology, is to be found in this wild nature.
Finally, our hearts guide us east to the Tortuguero National Wildlife Refuge. We navigate through a labyrinth of canals and lagoons that remind us of the majesty of the Amazon. In silent canoes, we explore the meandering canals where wildlife peeks curiously through the trees. It is here that we can best observe sea turtles nesting under the moon on the black beaches, an ancestral ritual that connects us with the eternity of nature. Nights become magical as the sounds of the forest lull us into a deep sleep.
In another longer story, we will go into detail on Costa Rica’s land adventure, but now let’s take a look at what its underwater environment has to offer…
Did we come here to dive?
Dazzled by the wonders of the mainland, let’s not forget what we’re here for… The history of diving in this nation is rich and diverse, attracting both beginners and experienced divers seeking to explore the underwater wonders hidden beneath the warm waters of its two vast seas. Generations of divers have contributed to the creation of an underwater community that values and promotes the sustainability and conservation of its immense marine wealth.
As we explore into the aquatic depths of Costa Rica, we are greeted by a world of vivid colors, exotic sea creatures and coral formations that look like something out of a dream. Costa Rica’s nutrient-rich waters are home to a diversity of marine life that is simply breathtaking, with a variety of underwater habitats that promise unique adventures on every dive. Here, diving goes beyond a simple recreational activity; it becomes an educational experience that allows us to better understand the importance of preserving and protecting the fragile marine ecosystem.
Cocos Island
Situated 532 kilometers off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Cocos Island emerges majestically as a solitary 24 km² paradise in the middle of the vast Pacific Ocean. The journey from Puntarenas to here takes about 36 hours. Of course there is no airport, in fact, the island is uninhabited, today it is pure nature park. Long gone are the days when its rocky shores were the refuge of Pirate Morgan, among others in the 17th and 18th centuries. Unfortunately, they won’t let us look for the buried treasures that legends tell us about, because this environment was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1997.
Having justly earned its reputation as one of the most spectacular diving destinations on the planet, from the first moment you set foot on this almost virgin terrain, you realize that you are in the presence of a place that has remained relatively untouched by human intervention. It offers a rich biodiversity, both on land and under the sea, and is home to a large number of endemic species.
The surrounding waters of the Cocos Islands are crystal clear, providing breathtaking visibility, allowing us to witness a truly magnificent underwater spectacle. At these depths you will encounter a profusion of marine life, ranging from tiny macro creatures to ocean giants such as the whale shark.
One of the main attractions of diving in the Cocos Islands is undoubtedly the opportunity to swim alongside schools of gigantic hammerhead sharks. These majestic and elusive predators congregate in these waters, providing a unique opportunity to observe their natural behavior up close. In addition, it is common to find large congregations of rays, tuna, and even playful dolphins that often accompany divers on their explorations.
In addition, the underwater topography of the islands is simply breathtaking: a series of seamounts, canyons and caves remind us of the volcanic origin of this place. Being in the middle of the ocean, the currents here can be strong, so some experience is recommended before embarking on this adventure.
But the Cocos Islands are not just a destination for encounters with large marine species. The diversity of macro life in these waters is also remarkable, including brightly colored nudibranchs, mantis shrimps and a variety of reef fish of all colors.
What really sets the Cocos Islands apart is their commitment to conservation. Cocos Island National Park is a protected area, which means that fishing and other potentially harmful human activities are strictly controlled. This has allowed the marine ecosystem to flourish, providing a healthy home for a host of marine species.
Due to its distance from the coast, not everyone will choose to dive here, and it is a protected natural park with a waiting list. There is not as much demand as for its southern neighbours, the Galapagos, but if you want to dive here, you need to plan ahead. The best dates are between January and March and September to October, when the weather is drier and there are more sunny days, improving visibility and life on board.
A diving expedition to the Cocos Islands is more than just an underwater adventure; it is an opportunity to connect with nature at its purest. It is a reminder of the incredible beauty that resides in our oceans and the responsibility we all have to protect these fragile ecosystems for future generations.
Caño Island
Located about 20 kilometers off the Osa Peninsula, Caño Island is a paradisiacal corner that promises an unforgettable diving experience to those who decide to venture into its waters. This island, which is part of the Caño Island Biological Reserve, is known for its impressive biodiversity and great state of conservation that makes it an oasis for diving enthusiasts.
Diving into the crystal clear waters surrounding the island, divers are greeted by a vibrant underwater world teeming with life. The coral gardens are home to an impressive variety of marine creatures. From brilliant tropical fish to majestic manta rays, Caño Island is a treasure trove of marine biodiversity.
One of the main attractions of this destination is its rich underwater topography, which is made up of impressive rock formations and underwater caves that are ready to be explored. As divers go deeper into these structures, we can expect to encounter a wide variety of marine species, including parrotfish, groupers and barracuda. It is not uncommon to see white tip reef sharks patrolling the area, adding a dose of adrenaline to the diving experience.
Visibility in the waters off Caño Island is usually exceptional, allowing for a panoramic view of the surrounding underwater environment. The months of September to November offer the best conditions for diving, with calm waters and excellent visibility that can exceed 30 metres.
Beyond the impressive marine life, Caño Island is also a place of great archaeological importance. The island boasts several pre-Columbian stone spheres, the meaning and purpose of which remain a mystery. This combination of natural wonders and historical mysteries makes Caño Island a truly unique diving destination.
It is essential to mention that Caño Island is a protected biological reserve, which means that all diving activities are strictly regulated to ensure the conservation of the ecosystem. Divers must follow the best practices of ecological diving, making sure not to touch or damage the corals and respecting all marine creatures they encounter. In fact, this is the way it should be everywhere.
Osa Peninsula
Located on the southwestern tip of Costa Rica, the Osa Peninsula is a natural wonder that boasts one of the most pristine and biodiverse rainforests on the planet. It is a true sanctuary for diving enthusiasts, as its wide coastline lapped by the Pacific Ocean offers exceptional underwater experiences that are sure to captivate any diver, whether novice or experienced.
This lush underwater garden is home to an enviable variety of marine flora and fauna. The coral reefs, guarded by rock formations, are home to a diversity of marine life ranging from tiny invertebrates to majestic pelagic fish. It is not uncommon to encounter schools of colorful tropical fish, moray eels hiding in the crevices, and graceful stingrays gliding silently along the seabed.
One of the diving highlights on the Osa Peninsula is Cano Island, a protected area that is the epitome of underwater beauty. Here, we can expect close encounters with white tip sharks, manta rays, and on occasion, dolphins as well. The dive site known as “El Bajo del Diablo” is particularly famous for its strong currents and congregations of sharks and rays.
Diving conditions on the peninsula can vary, with visibility ranging from 10 to 30 meters depending on the season. The months of December to April are considered the dry season, offering the best conditions for exploring the underwater world of the region. During this time, we can expect calm and clear waters, allowing for a serene and rewarding diving experience.
Beyond the wonderful dive sites, the Osa Peninsula is also an exceptional destination for nature lovers. The region’s dense, virgin jungle is home to a variety of wildlife, including pumas, jaguars, and a great diversity of exotic birds. We can extend our adventure with hikes on trails that wind through the rainforest, offering an immersive experience of the area’s rich biodiversity.
In terms of conservation, the Osa Peninsula is an example to follow in terms of preservation and sustainability. Local authorities and communities have taken significant steps to protect and preserve this piece of paradise, implementing responsible tourism practices that seek to minimize human impact on the fragile ecosystem.
For divers seeking an authentic experience off the beaten tourist track, this peninsula offers a unique opportunity to connect with nature at its purest. From exciting encounters with marine life to the natural wonders found on land, a diving trip to the Osa Peninsula is an adventure that promises to create unforgettable memories and a deeper appreciation for the beauty and diversity of the natural world.
Murcielago
The Murciélago archipelago, located in the Gulf of Papagayo, just off the Nicaraguan border, emerges as a stellar destination for diving enthusiasts seeking a unique experience in the depths of the ocean. This cluster of volcanic islands shelters an underwater universe enriched by the convergence of ocean currents that bring nutrients and attract a fascinating diversity of marine life.
The first thing we notice when descending into these waters is the impressive visibility, which can often exceed 30 meters, offering a panoramic view of a dazzling and colorful aquatic world. As we explore the nooks and crannies of the seabed, we find healthy coral gardens and rocky reefs that are home to a wide variety of marine creatures.
The wealth of marine life here is prodigious. We can expect encounters with large schools of brightly colored fish, such as jacks and snappers. Eagle rays often make graceful appearances, gliding gently through the water with a quiet elegance. In the darker depths, we might encounter the bull shark or even the majestic hammerhead, two of the ocean’s most imposing predators.
It is not only the marine fauna that is the star of the show here. The underwater landscapes themselves are a wonder to behold. Volcanic rock formations create a unique underwater topography, with caves, tunnels and vertical walls that defy exploration. In some places, the seabeds are adorned with formations of sponges and gorgonians, which gently ripple with the ocean currents, creating a mesmerising visual spectacle. This is an area reserved for experts, due to the strong currents and sometimes changing conditions.
Beyond diving, the Bat Islands are also known for their important role in conservation. Part of the Guanacaste Conservation Area, these islands have been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site, highlighting their ecological significance and exceptional biodiversity. Conservation efforts here are aimed at preserving the unique ecosystems and promoting sustainable tourism.
In conclusion, a diving expedition to the Bat Islands is more than just a dive; it is an opportunity to connect with nature on a deep and meaningful scale, a reminder of the beauty and complexity of our ocean world, an experience that will stay with us long after we have left the water.
Coco Beaches
The Coco Beaches, located in the heart of Costa Rica’s Guanacaste province, represent one of the most accessible and multifaceted dive spots for diving enthusiasts. This destination, with its golden coastline and crystal clear waters, is not only a haven for those looking to relax under the tropical sun, but also a gateway to an underwater world full of amazing discoveries.
As we dive into the warm waters of the Coco Beaches, we are greeted by an explosion of marine life that represents the biodiversity that Costa Rica has to offer. From soft and hard corals that give home to a variety of colorful fish, to breathtaking encounters with larger marine creatures, each dive is an adventure in itself. The coral gardens are home to angelfish, parrotfish and a variety of invertebrates, creating a colorful tapestry that looks like something out of a painter’s palette.
One of the highlights of diving in this area are the close encounters with the majestic manta rays, which can often be seen gliding gently in the ocean currents. Dolphins are also frequent visitors, putting on natural acrobatic shows. During certain seasons, it is even possible to have encounters with whitetip reef sharks and, for the lucky ones, the elusive whale shark, the world’s largest fish.
Playas del Coco is also famous for its variety of dive sites for all levels of experience. From the quieter, shallower dive sites, ideal for beginners and certification courses, to the challenging deep dive sites for advanced divers. This is a must stop.
Throughout the year, this region is blessed with stable weather conditions, ensuring good visibility and warm water temperatures, creating an ideal environment for diving. In addition to its natural wealth, Playas del Coco is also a hub of activity and nightlife. After a day of underwater exploration, we can relax and enjoy the amenities and attractions the town has to offer. From restaurants serving delicious local dishes to bars and nightclubs to enjoy the Costa Rican nightlife. This beautiful place promises a complete experience.
Gulf of Papagayo
The Gulf of Papagayo, located in the northern Pacific region of Costa Rica, has emerged as a must-visit destination for diving enthusiasts from all over the world. This heavenly corner is not only adorned by a string of volcanic sandy beaches and clear turquoise waters, but is also home to a profusion of marine life, making diving here a truly unforgettable experience.
One of the distinguishing features of diving in the Gulf of Papagayo is its extraordinary biodiversity. The ocean currents that converge in this region favor the proliferation of a wide range of underwater habitats, from coral reefs to seagrass beds and submerged volcanoes, each home to a varied and vibrant marine fauna. It is not uncommon to encounter schools of colorful fish, majestic manta rays, whitetip sharks, and even playful dolphins.
In addition, the presence of important sea turtle nesting sites in the area makes night dives a magical experience, allowing us to observe the behavior of these millenary ocean travelers up close. In fact, the nesting season, which occurs between July and November, provides a unique opportunity to observe the turtles in their natural habitat. Let us always remember to respect the environment and its natural inhabitants.
For fans of technical diving and wreck exploration, the Gulf of Papagayo does not disappoint. In the depths of these waters lie several shipwrecks, offering a playground for wreck lovers. These sites, home to a rich marine life, offer unique opportunities for underwater photography, turning every dive into a visual adventure.
But what really sets the Golfo de Papagayo apart is its year-round accessibility. Water conditions are optimal, with warm temperatures and good visibility, allowing you to plan comfortable and safe dives at any time. In addition to underwater adventures, this region offers a wide range of activities and amenities on land. From luxury resorts to eco-lodges, there are options to suit all tastes and budgets. And we can’t forget the rich Costa Rican culture that permeates the area, with its exquisite food, rapturous music and friendly, welcoming people.
Marine Fauna
The rich biodiversity of Costa Rica’s coastline is worth noting. Especially in the lush region of the Gulf of Papagayo, the marine fauna displays a spectacle of colors and shapes that enchants anyone who has the opportunity to dive into its pristine waters. The magical underwater world of this region is home to a biological diversity that invites you to explore its deep secrets, and in these lines – and photos – we try to capture, even if only in part, the magnitude of this unparalleled experience.
One of the biggest stars of these waters is undoubtedly the peaceful whitetip reef shark, a species that frequents the caves and rocky areas here. Although they may seem intimidating at first glance, they are known for their calm behavior, giving us the opportunity to observe them from a safe distance.
We can’t miss the passage of the majestic manta rays. These creatures, with their graceful underwater flight, fascinate everyone with their wingspan that can reach up to seven meters. It is a sublime spectacle to watch them glide silently in the current, creating an aquatic ballet that leaves you speechless. Despite their imposing appearance, they are very calm. They often come within short distances to satisfy their curiosity about these strange creatures that look through lenses and exhale bubbles continuously.
The corals that adorn the seabed are home to a myriad of smaller, but no less significant species. Amongst the coral reefs can be found angelfish, butterfly fish, and a variety of parrotfish, each with their own particular colors and unique patterns that add a splash of color to this underwater canvas. It is not uncommon to find the restless clownfish protecting their territory, a moment that begs to be captured by the cameras of underwater photography enthusiasts.
The coasts of this small country are also a breeding ground for several types of sea turtles, including the leatherback, green and hawksbill turtles. If you visit at certain times of the year, you may have the privilege of observing these ancient creatures as they lay their eggs on the beaches or as they swim freely in the ocean, an encounter that connects humans with the ancient expression of marine life. This practice has become fashionable in recent times and all too often there are massive concentrations of tourists watching the show.
For those with a keen eye – which this writer does not – the microscopic wonders of the area are equally impressive. Seahorses, with their curious shape and slow movements, are a delight to observe. Nudibranchs – those tiny molluscs without shells – put on a show of bright colors and unusual shapes, offering another dimension to the diving experience.
And how can we forget the nocturnal symphony that unfolds once the sun goes down. Night dives reveal a new side to this ecosystem, with nocturnal creatures such as octopuses emerging from their hiding places to hunt, and corals opening their polyps to feed on plankton, creating a garden in motion that looks like something out of a midsummer night’s dream.
In short, Costa Rica’s marine wildlife is a living manifestation of the diversity and beauty that our planet hosts. From gentle giants to microscopic creatures, it is a celebration of life in its purest and most exciting form, promising to leave each of us with an indelible impression and a renewed sense of connection with the natural world.
Practical Tips and Logistics for Diving in Costa Rica
1. Choice of Season
Costa Rica has two distinct seasons: the dry season (December to April) and the rainy season (May to November). Although it is possible to dive all year round, the dry season is preferable as the waters are usually clearer and calmer.
2. Choose a Reputable Dive Operator
Make sure you choose a dive operator with good references and the necessary certifications. This not only guarantees your safety, but also ensures an enriching diving experience with expert guides. If you are travelling around the country and want to do sporadic dives, you will find a good offer of dive centers, especially in the strategic points, especially in Gulf of Papagayo and Playas del Coco, ideal for beginners and advanced divers.
3. Respect for the Marine Environment
Costa Rica is the country of conservation and ecotourism par excellence, both on land and underwater. Always respect the indicated rules and the advice of local guides. It is essential to respect the fragile marine ecosystem. This means not touching the corals, not disturbing or getting excessively close to the marine fauna and ensuring that we do not leave any traces of rubbish behind us.
4. Safety First
Familiarize yourself with standard scuba diving safety practices. This includes knowing emergency procedures, how to communicate underwater and how to use dive equipment correctly. If you are a beginner, make sure the dive is within your reach. This is not a place to experiment with deep dives in currents or cavern dives. Only do it if you have the right level or decide to do a specialized course, and always have dive insurance.
It is important to plan your dives in advance, taking into account factors such as tides, currents and visibility, especially in the rainy season. This will help us to get the most out of each dive.
5. Adequate Equipment
Depending on the season, you may need a wetsuit of a specific thickness to keep you warm and comfortable during your dives. It is common to travel to Costa Rica in the northern hemisphere summer, the rainy season, so depending on how cold you are, you may want to opt for a 5mm or semi-dry wetsuit, although 3mm should be enough
6. Underwater Photography
If you are an amateur – or passionate – underwater photographer, remember to be familiar with your equipment and respect the rules of not touching or disturbing marine life to get a shot. There will always be more chances to get that longed-for shot…
Conclusion
Coming to the end of our immersive journey through Costa Rica’s most treasured dive destinations, it is impossible not to feel a deep connection and reverent awe at the majesty that nature has woven beneath the waves in this privileged corner of the world. The destinations we have explored, from the vibrant marine life in the Cocos Islands to the serene beauty of the Gulf of Papagayo, paint a vivid picture of an underwater world waiting to be explored by those fortunate enough to embark on such an adventure.
The coral reefs, underwater kelp gardens and habitats teeming with life at every dive site in Costa Rica are a testament to the country’s biological diversity and natural richness. It is a land where nature has been unleashed, creating an underwater sanctuary for a variety of species, from the miniscule to the grandiose.
However, with majesty and beauty comes considerable responsibility. As divers and ocean lovers, we must commit to preserving and protecting these environments. Sustainable and responsible diving is not just a choice, but a necessity to ensure that future generations can also witness this splendour.
Costa Rica, with its combination of world-class dive destinations and a clear dedication to conservation, stands as an inspiration of hope and a role model. It invites divers everywhere to immerse themselves in its underwater world, to learn, to marvel, and most importantly, to be active stewards of its preservation.
On this note of reflection and anticipation, we hope you will be inspired to embark on your own underwater expedition to Costa Rica, a place where every dive is a promise of discovery, adventure and reverence for the great blue that embraces us all with unparalleled beauty.
